What is meant by 'network topology'?

Network topology refers to the arrangement of different elements, such as nodes, devices, and connections, within a network. This includes how devices communicate with each other and the physical or logical layout of those connections. Understanding network topology is crucial for designing, managing, and troubleshooting networks, as it defines the structure and flow of data among devices.

Factors such as performance, redundancy, and scalability can be influenced by the chosen topology, which might include examples like star, ring, or mesh configurations. This concept is essential for network engineers and architects when designing efficient and robust networking solutions. The other options do not capture the essence of network topology, as they pertain to office layout, types of internet connections, or software applications, rather than the specific arrangements of network components themselves.